Answer:
b. institutional discrimination
Explanation:
Institutional discrimination -
It is the practice , where discrimination is observed for any policy or practice , where the policy favors the dominant group , is known as an institutional discrimination .
The examples of institutional discrimination are - voter suppression and legalized slavery .
This type of discrimination is observed with the case of John , where he was supposed to spend more time in prison for an offense , than the other prisoners , caught for the same crime .