After Joe has a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin—but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe's pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe's muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that ______.
1) the stroke caused damage to Joe's frontal eye field which interfered with his effort to touch his chin
2) the stroke caused damage to Joe's right primary motor cortex
3) the stroke caused damage to Joe's left premotor cortex
4) based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions
