Question

Describe the decline of the political unity of the Abbasid caliphate, and describe the new political
entities that emerged.

Answer 1

The Abbasid authorities were challenged by the Shiites who established an independent kingdom in Egypt. with the Fatimid dynasty (909–1171), descendants of Muhammad's daughter Fatima and Caliph Ali.

Further explanation:

• The Abbasids transferred the seat of the Caliphate to to Baghdad (762), which, under their rule, became one of the leading religious, cultural and art centers of Islamic world.
• Baghdad was conquered by the Mongols in 1258, who also executed the Caliph. On this occasion the Abbasid caliphate temporarily ceased to exist.
• It was rebuilt in Egypt in 1261 under the protectorate of the Mameluc Sultans, but the Caliph did not have any real secular authority. Ottomans conquered Egypt in 1517. Sultan Selim I. forced the last Abbasid Caliph to renounce his title in his favor.

Class: History

Level: Middle school

Keywords: Abbasids, Caliphate, Mamelucs, Ottomans

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Answer 2

Answer:

At the start of its rule the Abbasid caliphate was flourishing. It swiftly fell as military commanders claimed their regions, while still having allegiance to the capitol. All of these military commanders created regions called sultanates. The Mongols then raided the region and finally ended the Abbasid caliphate. New political entities started emerging such as these sultanates, but it was ultimately the ottoman empire who united the region.

Explanation: