Question

Find all solutions to the following quadratic equations, and write each equation in factored form.
a. x^2 + 25 = 0
b. −x^2 − 16 = −7
c. (x + 2)^2 + 1 = 0
d. (x + 2)^2 = x
e. (x^2 + 1)^2 + 2(x^2 + 1) − 8 = 0
f. (2x − 1)^2 = (x + 1)^2 − 3
g. x^3 + x^2 − 2x = 0
h. x^3 − 2x^2 + 4x − 8 = 0

Answer 1

Answer:

(a) The solutions are: $x=5i,\:x=-5i$

(b) The solutions are: $x=3i,\:x=-3i$

(c) The solutions are: $x=i-2,\:x=-i-2$

(d) The solutions are: $x=-\frac{3}{2}+i\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2},\:x=-\frac{3}{2}-i\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2}$

(e) The solutions are: $x=1,\:x=-1,\:x=\sqrt{5}i,\:x=-\sqrt{5}i$

(f) The solutions are: $x=1$

(g) The solutions are: $x=0,\:x=1,\:x=-2$

(h) The solutions are: $x=2,\:x=2i,\:x=-2i$

Step-by-step explanation:

To find the solutions of these quadratic equations you must:

(a) For $x^2+25=0$

$\mathrm{Subtract\:}25\mathrm{\:from\:both\:sides}\\x^2+25-25=0-25$

$\mathrm{Simplify}\\x^2=-25$

$\mathrm{For\:}x^2=f\left(a\right)\mathrm{\:the\:solutions\:are\:}x=\sqrt{f\left(a\right)},\:\:-\sqrt{f\left(a\right)}\\\\x=\sqrt{-25},\:x=-\sqrt{-25}$

$\mathrm{Simplify}\:\sqrt{-25}\\\\\mathrm{Apply\:radical\:rule}:\quad \sqrt{-a}=\sqrt{-1}\sqrt{a}\\\\\sqrt{-25}=\sqrt{-1}\sqrt{25}\\\\\mathrm{Apply\:imaginary\:number\:rule}:\quad \sqrt{-1}=i\\\\\sqrt{-25}=\sqrt{25}i\\\\\sqrt{-25}=5i$

$-\sqrt{-25}=-5i$

The solutions are: $x=5i,\:x=-5i$

(b) For $-x^2-16=-7$

$-x^2-16+16=-7+16\\-x^2=9\\\frac{-x^2}{-1}=\frac{9}{-1}\\x^2=-9\\\\\mathrm{For\:}x^2=f\left(a\right)\mathrm{\:the\:solutions\:are\:}x=\sqrt{f\left(a\right)},\:\:-\sqrt{f\left(a\right)}\\x=\sqrt{-9},\:x=-\sqrt{-9}$

The solutions are: $x=3i,\:x=-3i$

(c) For $\left(x+2\right)^2+1=0$

$\left(x+2\right)^2+1-1=0-1\\\left(x+2\right)^2=-1\\\mathrm{For\:}\left(g\left(x\right)\right)^2=f\left(a\right)\mathrm{\:the\:solutions\:are\:}g\left(x\right)=\sqrt{f\left(a\right)},\:\:-\sqrt{f\left(a\right)}\\\\x+2=\sqrt{-1}\\x+2=i\\x=i-2\\\\x+2=-\sqrt{-1}\\x+2=-i\\x=-i-2$

The solutions are: $x=i-2,\:x=-i-2$

(d) For $\left(x+2\right)^2=x$

$\mathrm{Expand\:}\left(x+2\right)^2= x^2+4x+4$

$x^2+4x+4=x\\x^2+4x+4-x=x-x\\x^2+3x+4=0$

For a quadratic equation of the form $ax^2+bx+c=0$ the solutions are:

$x_{1,\:2}=\frac{-b\pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$

$\mathrm{For\:}\quad a=1,\:b=3,\:c=4:\quad x_{1,\:2}=\frac{-3\pm \sqrt{3^2-4\cdot \:1\cdot \:4}}{2\cdot \:1}$

$x_1=\frac{-3+\sqrt{3^2-4\cdot \:1\cdot \:4}}{2\cdot \:1}=\quad -\frac{3}{2}+i\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2}\\\\x_2=\frac{-3-\sqrt{3^2-4\cdot \:1\cdot \:4}}{2\cdot \:1}=\quad -\frac{3}{2}-i\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2}$

The solutions are: $x=-\frac{3}{2}+i\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2},\:x=-\frac{3}{2}-i\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2}$

(e) For $\left(x^2+1\right)^2+2\left(x^2+1\right)-8=0$

$\left(x^2+1\right)^2= x^4+2x^2+1\\\\2\left(x^2+1\right)= 2x^2+2\\\\x^4+2x^2+1+2x^2+2-8\\x^4+4x^2-5$

$\mathrm{Rewrite\:the\:equation\:with\:}u=x^2\mathrm{\:and\:}u^2=x^4\\u^2+4u-5=0\\\\\mathrm{Solve\:with\:the\:quadratic\:equation}\:u^2+4u-5=0$

$u_1=\frac{-4+\sqrt{4^2-4\cdot \:1\left(-5\right)}}{2\cdot \:1}=\quad 1\\\\u_2=\frac{-4-\sqrt{4^2-4\cdot \:1\left(-5\right)}}{2\cdot \:1}=\quad -5$

$\mathrm{Substitute\:back}\:u=x^2,\:\mathrm{solve\:for}\:x\\\\\mathrm{Solve\:}\:x^2=1=\quad x=1,\:x=-1\\\\\mathrm{Solve\:}\:x^2=-5=\quad x=\sqrt{5}i,\:x=-\sqrt{5}i$

The solutions are: $x=1,\:x=-1,\:x=\sqrt{5}i,\:x=-\sqrt{5}i$

(f) For $\left(2x-1\right)^2=\left(x+1\right)^2-3$

$\left(2x-1\right)^2=\quad 4x^2-4x+1\\\left(x+1\right)^2-3=\quad x^2+2x-2\\\\4x^2-4x+1=x^2+2x-2\\4x^2-4x+1+2=x^2+2x-2+2\\4x^2-4x+3=x^2+2x\\4x^2-4x+3-2x=x^2+2x-2x\\4x^2-6x+3=x^2\\4x^2-6x+3-x^2=x^2-x^2\\3x^2-6x+3=0$

$\mathrm{For\:}\quad a=3,\:b=-6,\:c=3:\quad x_{1,\:2}=\frac{-\left(-6\right)\pm \sqrt{\left(-6\right)^2-4\cdot \:3\cdot \:3}}{2\cdot \:3}\\\\x_{1,\:2}=\frac{-\left(-6\right)\pm \sqrt{0}}{2\cdot \:3}\\x=\frac{-\left(-6\right)}{2\cdot \:3}\\x=1$

The solutions are: $x=1$

(g) For $x^3+x^2-2x=0$

$x^3+x^2-2x=x\left(x^2+x-2\right)\\\\x^2+x-2:\quad \left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\\\\x^3+x^2-2x=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0$

Using the Zero Factor Theorem: = 0 if and only if = 0 or = 0

$x=0\\x-1=0:\quad x=1\\x+2=0:\quad x=-2$

The solutions are: $x=0,\:x=1,\:x=-2$

(h) For $x^3-2x^2+4x-8=0$

$x^3-2x^2+4x-8=\left(x^3-2x^2\right)+\left(4x-8\right)\\x^3-2x^2+4x-8=x^2\left(x-2\right)+4\left(x-2\right)\\x^3-2x^2+4x-8=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)$

Using the Zero Factor Theorem: = 0 if and only if = 0 or = 0

$x-2=0:\quad x=2\\x^2+4=0:\quad x=2i,\:x=-2i$

The solutions are: $x=2,\:x=2i,\:x=-2i$