Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A phenomenon where delocalization of pi electrons or non-bonding electrons takes place is known as resonance.
For example, in a [tex]CO^{2-}_{3}[/tex] molecule two oxygen atoms contain -1 charge. And, delocalization of pi electrons takes place in order to attain stability.
When in a molecule, there occurs unequal sharing of bonding electrons by a chain of atoms then there occurs a permanent dipole moment. And, this effect is known as inductive effect.
So, basically more difference in electronegativity of the atoms in a molecule tend to cause inductive effect.
In [tex]CO^{2-}_{3}[/tex], there is not much difference in the electronegativity of carbon and oxygen atom.
Hence, resonance effect predominates inductive effect.
Potential energy is the energy obtained by an object due to its position.
Thus, we can conclude that the [tex]CO^{2-}_{3}[/tex] ion is stabilized by resonance.
