The description which best characterizes the motion of particles in a solid is vibrating around fixed positions therefore option (d) is correct.
What do you mean by vibrating around fixed positions?
The particles in a solid are held in a fixed position by bonds. They are fixed and firm .
The particles vibrate about their fixed position but they are always attached to the same other particles .
As the solid gets hotter, the particles vibrate more vigorously until some of the bonds start to break. At this point, the solid begins to melt.
Its temperature decreases because the energy being used to break the bonds rather than make the particles vibrate more.
Hence, the description which best characterizes the motion of particles in a solid is vibrating around fixed positions hence option (d) is correct.
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