How do continents form over time? Why is carbon important, how does it impact climate? What are isotopes? Describe rifting/ triple junctions. Describe the overall formation of South America. How were the Andes built?

During the formation of the earth the planet about 4.6 billion years ago the planet went through a phase of rapid heating and cooling of the atmosphere and surface of the earth as the collision of various matter on the surface led to the formation of layer's.

The rocks were controlled by the internal motion of the earth and thus led by the tectonic process from below that went on for centuries and hence impacted climate of the regions and landmasses a the onset of Precambrian period displacement took place and entire landscape was formed then again deform to form the present content being split into the southern and northern hemisphere.

An isotope is a chemical element that differs in N numbers, as the name oceans the same place. Isotopes with certain magnetic properties are used in dating the radioactive substance and in finding the age of rocks.

Andes mountain formed in South America as a result of the drifting away of the continent from the African coastal lands, constituting a gigantic backbone of the southern supercontinent Gondwanaland.

Tri-junction is the point where the three plates meet such as the Afar region. As there are roughly 100 plates of which 50 plates re in trijunction either spreading apart or pushing together or sideways.