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A student is given five samples and told they are lysine (an amino acid), lactose (a disaccharide), insulin (a protein hormone), RNA and fat. The samples are in test tubes marked 1-5, but the student doesn’t know which compound is in which tube. The student is instructed to identify the contents of each tube. In her first test, she tries to hydrolyze a portion of the contents of each tube. Hydrolysis occurs in all tubes except tube 5. In the next test, she finds that tubes 3, 4, and 5 are positive for nitrogen but only tube 3 gives a positive result for the presence of sulfur. In the next test the student shows that the compound in tube 4 contains a high percentage of phosphate. In the final test the student shows that compound 1 is hydrophobic. Base on these data, identify what is in each tube.

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Answer:

The Content in the tubes is:

tube 1: Fat

tube 2: Lactose

tube 3: Insulin

tube 4: RNA

tube 5: Lysine

Explanation:

tube 1: Fat is always not compatible with water it means hydrophobic

tube 2: For rejection of the other tubes the last molecule to assigned a tube is lactose due to we do not have a specific test information for tube 2

tube 3: The insulin has a two disulfide bonds and is the only molecule with sulphur atoms.

tube 4: The nitrogen based compounds that belongs to the RNA are binded with phosphate groups all around its chain, so the presence of phosphate indicates that is RNA.

tube 5: Because was the only one who does not hydrolyse it is an aminoacid.  

finally it says that in the tubes 3, 4 and 5 has nitrogen, the only 3 compound with nitrogen are Lysine, insulin and RNA.

Lysine, lactose, Insulin, RNA, and fat are the biomolecules with functions in the human body.

What are the compounds in the test?

The inference from the test performed are:

  • The biomolecules by the process of hydrolysis are broken down into constituent elements. The basic unit such as amino acids is not hydrolyzed further.

Thus, test tube 5 consists of the amino acid Lysine.

  • Nitrogen and Sulfur are present in the insulin molecule. The insulin has the presence of disulfide bonds.

Thus, test tube 3 is consists of Insulin.

  • The RNA is the nucleic acid with the presence of sugar, and base bonded by phosphate bond. The structure has a high percentage of phosphate.

Thus, test tube 4 is RNA.

  • The fat is a water-insoluble compound. This states that fat is hydrophobic in nature.

Thus, test tube 1 contains fat molecules.

  • Test tube 2 is contained with the left biomolecule. Thus, test tube 2 consists of lactose.

Learn more about biomolecules, here:

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