Respuesta :
Explanation:
A covalent bond is formed when an element shares its valence electron with another element. This bond is formed between two non metals.
An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element. The element which donates the electron is known as electropositive element and the element which accepts the electrons is known as electronegative element. This bond is formed between a metal and an non-metal.
Chlorine and potassium atoms form ionic bonds: Ionic bond is formed when there is complete transfer of electron from a highly electropositive metal to a highly electronegative non metal. Electronegativity difference = electronegativity of chlorine - electronegativity of potassium = 3-0.8 = 2.2
Carbon atoms form non-polar covalent bonds with nitrogen atoms : Non-polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is no difference of electronegativities between the atoms. Electronegativity difference = electronegativity of nitrogen - electronegativity of carbon= 3.0-2.5 = 0.5
Oxygen forms polar covalent bonds with phosphorus: A polar covalent bond is defined as the bond which is formed when there is a difference of electronegativities between the atoms. Electronegativity difference = electronegativity of oxygen - electronegativity of phosphorous = 3.5- 2.19 = 1.31
The Cl and K form an ionic bond due to high electronegativity difference, C and N form a covalent bond due to the least electronegativity difference, and O and P form polar covalent due to intermediate electronegativity difference.
What are intermolecular forces?
The electrons of the atoms are shared or transferred for the formation of the bonds. The sharing attributes to the type of bond formed.
The intermolecular forces between the following atoms are described as:
- Chlorine and Potassium:
The atoms have an electronegativity difference of 2.2. The difference enabled the transfer of electrons, rather than sharing, and forms the ionic bond.
- Carbon and Nitrogen:
The electronegativity difference between the atom is 0.5. It did not allow the transfer of electrons, and thus the electrons are shared, forming the covalent bond.
- Oxygen and Phosphorus:
The nonmetals have an electronegativity difference of 1.33. It enables the development of partial charge but limits the electron transfer, and thus they are shared. The bond formed has been the polar covalent bond.
Learn more about intermolecular bonds, here:
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