Answer: e. All of the above
Explanation:
The processing of mRNA to a fully mature eukaryotic mRNA requires addition of a 5' cap (Capping) and 3' poly(A) tail ( polyadenylation) to the ends of the transcript, and removal of any intervening introns by splicing. Once processing is completed, the mRNP, which consists of mRNA and associated proteins, is ready for export from the nucleus.