Question

The given DNA non‑template sequence (coding sequence) is transcribed from 3' to 5'. Use the sequence to determine the type of mutation and the type of base substitutions that apply to each scenario. Place only one statement for each scenario. 3' A T G A A G C G C T C A G T A 5' A thymine substituted for nucleotide 6 A guanine substituted for nucleotide 11 A guanine substituted for nucleotide 15

Answer 1

You should pay attention that the DNA template strand is the non-coding, anti-sense one in the direction 3’ ....... 5’
The synthesized mRNA is in direction 5’........3’.

Answer 2

According to the description of the mutations described in the question above, we can state that the first and second substitutions refer to a transversion-type substitution mutation. While the third substitution refers to a transition-type substitution mutation.

We can arrive at this answer because:

• Substitution mutations are those where the exchange of base pairs takes place.
• In this type of mutation, the substitution can be of the transition or transversion type.
• The transition occurs when the substitution is made between purine bases (Adenine and Guanine) or between pyrimidine bases (Cytosine and Thymine.)
• Transversion occurs when the substitution is made between a purine base and a pyrimidine base.

In this case, taking into account the mutation described in the question above, we can see that the first mutation was carried out between a purine base and a pyrimidine base, thus being a transversion substitution. The same happened with the second mutation.

The third mutation occurred between two purine bases, therefore, it is a transitional substitution.

You can see this in the figure below.

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