Liquid Boiling point (K) Enthalpy of vaporization (kJ/mol) benzene 353.1 30.72 toluene 383.6 33.18 nonane 423.8 37.18 chloroform 334.2 29.24 ethanol 351.3 38.56 water 373 40.65 Predict which of the following compounds follow Trouton's rule. Check all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Check all that apply. ethanol water nonane benzene chloroform toluene Submit

Respuesta :

Answer :

(a) The compound benzene follow the Trouton's rule.

(b) The compound toluene follow the Trouton's rule.

(c) The compound nonane follow the Trouton's rule.

(d) The compound chloroform follow the Trouton's rule.

(e) The compound ethanol does not follow the Trouton's rule.

(f) The compound water does not follow the Trouton's rule.

Explanation :

Trouton's rule : According to this rule, the molar entropy of vaporization should be constant  that means,

[tex]\Delta S_{vap}=85-88J/K.mole[/tex]

Formula used : [tex]\Delta S=\frac{\Delta H_{vap}}{T_b}[/tex]

Now we have to determine the molar entropy of vaporization for the following compounds.

(a) For Benzene:

Boiling point = 353.1 K

Enthalpy of vaporization = 30.72 kJ/mole = 30720 J/mole

[tex]\Delta S=\frac{30720J/mole}{353.1K}=87.00J/K.mole[/tex]

Thus, this compound is follow the Trouton's rule.

(b) For Toluene:

Boiling point = 383.6 K

Enthalpy of vaporization = 33.18 kJ/mole = 33180 J/mole

[tex]\Delta S=\frac{33180J/mole}{383.6K}=86.49J/K.mole[/tex]

Thus, this compound is follow the Trouton's rule.

(c) For Nonane:

Boiling point = 423.8 K

Enthalpy of vaporization = 37.18 kJ/mole = 37180 J/mole

[tex]\Delta S=\frac{37180J/mole}{423.8K}=87.73J/K.mole[/tex]

Thus, this compound is follow the Trouton's rule.

(d) For Chloroform :

Boiling point = 334.2 K

Enthalpy of vaporization = 29.24 kJ/mole = 29240 J/mole

[tex]\Delta S=\frac{29240J/mole}{334.2K}=87.49J/K.mole[/tex]

Thus, this compound is follow the Trouton's rule.

(e) For Ethanol:

Boiling point = 351.3 K

Enthalpy of vaporization = 38.56 kJ/mole = 38560 J/mole

[tex]\Delta S=\frac{38560J/mole}{351.3K}=109.76J/K.mole[/tex]

Thus, this compound is not follow the Trouton's rule.

(f) For Water:

Boiling point = 373 K

Enthalpy of vaporization = 40.65 kJ/mole = 40650 J/mole

[tex]\Delta S=\frac{40650J/mole}{373K}=108.98J/K.mole[/tex]

Thus, this compound is not follow the Trouton's rule.

Calculations using the Trouton rule shows mathematically, that  these compounds follow the Trouton's Rule

  • Chloroform
  • Nonane
  • Toluene
  • Benzene

Which of the following compounds follow Trouton's rule?

Trouton's rule states that the the molar entropy of vaporization should be constant.

Generally, the equation for the  Trouton's rule   is mathematically given as

dS=dHvap*Tb

Where

dS_{vap}=85-88J/K.mole

Henec concidering each boiling point

For Chloroform :

Enthalpy of vaporization = 29240 J/mole

[tex]dS=\frac{29240J/mole}{334.2K}[/tex]

dS=87.49J/K.mole

For Toluene

Enthalpy of vaporization =  33180 J/mole

[tex]dS=\frac{33180J/mole}{383.6K}[/tex]

dS=86.49J/K.mole

For Benzene

Enthalpy of vaporization 30720 J/mole  

[tex]dS=\frac{30720J/mole}{353.1K}[/tex]

dS=87.00J/K.mole

For Nonane:

Enthalpy of vaporization =37180 J/mole  

[tex]dS=\frac{37180J/mole}{423.8K}[/tex]

dS=87.73J/K.mole

For Water:

Enthalpy of vaporization = 40650 J/mole

[tex]dS=\frac{40650J/mole}{373K}[/tex]

dS=108.98J/K.mole

For Ethanol:

Enthalpy of vaporization = 38560 J/mole

[tex]dS=\frac{38560J/mole}{351.3K}[/tex]

dS=109.76J/K.mole

In conclusion, the compounds that follow the Trouton's rule. are

  • Chloroform
  • Nonane
  • Toluene
  • Benzene

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