Respuesta :
Answer:
Explanation:
Reformers targeted vices that corrupted the physical body and community: The human and the public spirit. For some, alcohol seemed to be the most devastating and general. So, in those years before the Civil War, the United States appeared to be the democracy of drunkenness to more. To combat the public drug abuse issue, reformers produced a host of temperance organizations that first directed the middle and upper classes, and so the working classes. Thanks to Sylvester Graham and other health reformers, exercising and warm air, combined with a high diet, turned into trendy. Phrenologists concentrated on uncovering the mysteries of knowledge and personality. In the fast-paced world, phrenology provided the possibility of experiencing other human characteristics.
Answer:
These three movements in early nineteenth-century (19) America share a number of common ideas.
- All three movements acquired traction among the middle classes.
- The urban-rural divide in America influenced all three revolutions.
- There were racial overtones in all three movements.
Explanation:
The changes in the US before the civil war:
- The Temperance Movement (TM), like Abolition, arose from the Second Great religious awakening.
- TM in the early 1800s progressed from limiting the use of hard spirits to total abstinence.
Reforms:
- This reform effort was opposed by recent urban immigrant groups from Ireland and Germany because it contradicted their cultural background, just as prohibition did in the twentieth century for Southern and Eastern European immigrants.
- It was widely assumed that alcohol was the root of all problems in urban life. As with the other movements, there was even a racist component lurking behind the ostensible goal.
- The Health Reform Movement also emphasized middle-class anxieties of diseases like yellow fever and cholera spread by squalor and rubbish in slums populated by recent immigrants.
- The movement had some scientific foundations since it called for slum cleanup and delivering clean water to slums as a city government service.
- Again, the discriminatory idea was that without governmental intervention, immigrants would not tidy their own residential areas.
- At the time, the middle class paid private companies to remove rubbish and bring in clean water for them to drink.
- Health reform was spurred by the threat of cholera.
- Phrenology was a pseudo-science that claimed to be true.
- Racists then used it to buttress false beliefs of racial inferiority.
As a result, these movements supported Antebellum Americans in preserving racial hierarchies and defining cultural standards.
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