A. No. Belita sends a letter to her grandmother. Nobody else but her grandmother can see the contents of the letter. A letter is not a mass medium.
B. Yes. Elji sees a documentary movie. Any body who sees the movie ... potentially millions of people ... can see the same information that Elji sees. Movies are a mass medium.
C. No. Gary leaves a voicemail for his brother. His brother is the only one with the password to hear that message. Voice mail is not a mass medium.
D. Maybe. Carmen calls her friend to talk about a trip to Florida.
It depends on how she "calls" her friend.
If she 'calls' on the phone, then her friend is the only person involved in the discussion. The telephone is not a mass medium.
But if she 'calls' her friend with her voice, across the quad, and they proceed to discuss the trip while shouting back and forth at the top of their lungs, then the atmosphere of the quad certainly may be considered a limited mass medium . . . anybody who happens to be walking by hears their conversation, and learns something about their travel plans.
