Answer: In the process of meiosis, alleles separate and are added to the gametes in an independent manner. While each gamete (egg or sperm cell) therefore contains one allele for each gene, it's impossible to know which allele, because alleles segregate in a random manner. However, it's possible to calculate probabilities that the offspring will have a given allele using Punnett squares.
Explanation: PENN FOSTER
It is impossible to predict the phenotype of the offspring by observing only the phenotype of the two parents because DNA from their grandparents can affect the offspring as well.
DNA is combined from the parents to create offspring. When that offspring reproduces their children not only possess DNA from their parents but from their grandparents as well.
Mixing together two separate DNA's from two different family trees can result in rare genetic mutations which results in the offspring looking different from their parents but showing resemblance to their grandparents.
This is why you have to look at the phenotypes of more then just the two parents because there are more possibilities, including what their grandparents looked like.
Thus, DNA from their grandparents can affect the offspring as well.
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