Joan is a 90-year-old Caucasian woman who has recently been diagnosed with osteoporosis after a recent fall that broke her hip. She is 64 inches tall and weighs 115 pounds. Lately she has been complaining about muscle pain in her legs. She eats a limited diet due to a chronic low appetite. A recent blood test shows Joan’s serum vitamin D level is below normal. Her daily diet includes juice or fruit and toast with butter for breakfast; cottage cheese and fruit for lunch; and salad or frozen vegetable with meat or poultry for dinner. She dislikes most fish except canned tuna and she often drinks a glass of fortified milk before going to bed at night. Although she lives in New Mexico, she spends most days indoors. Joan has been taking a blood-thinning medication since she was discharged from the hospital. What vitamins would you suggest that Joan begin to monitor because she may be experiencing low levels? How could she increase the intake of those vitamins? Since she is on blood-thinners, which vitamin should she not overconsume?

Joan should monitor vitamin D because she may be experiencing low levels. she can increase the intake of vitamin D by through her diets or exposure to sunlight. And because she is on blood thinners, she should not overconsume vitamin K.

What are blood thinners?

Blood thinners are those agents that helps to slow down the body's process of making clots.

Examples of blood thinners include heparin or warfarin.

Joan should start monitoring her vitamin D levels as her serum vitamin D level is below normal. This is because She eats a limited diet due to a chronic low appetite and she spends most days indoors.

She can increase her intake of vitamin D through fortified milk and exposure to early morning sunlight as Vitamin D production in the skin is the primary natural source of vitamin D,

Because she is on blood thinners, she should not overconsume vitamin K as it can lead to drug-drug interaction leading to a decreased effect of the blood thinners.

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