Answer:
Ionization is caused by charged particles, which are produced during collisions with atomic nuclei. The third type of ionizing radiation includes gamma and X rays, which are electromagnetic, indirectly ionizing radiation.
Three types of radiation - Alpha, Beta, Gamma. There are three primary types of radiation: Alpha - these are fast moving helium atoms. They have high energy, typically in the MeV range, but due to their large mass, they are stopped by just a few inches of air, or a piece of paper.
Alpha radiation: The emission of an alpha particle from the nucleus of an atom
Beta radiation: The emission of a beta particle from the nucleus of an atom
Gamma radiation: The emission of an high-energy wave from the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear radiation with the ability to form ions by ionization is gamma radiation.
Ionization can be defined as the process of the formation of ions from atoms with the removal of electrons. Ionization can be achieved by three types of radiation, namely, alpha, beta, and gamma.
Alpha radiation has high energy and is made up of two neutrons and two protons of atoms. Beta radiation is composed of high-energy protons or electrons. Gamma radiation is energetic photons emitted from the atom.
Thus, the nuclear radiation that is able to ionize matter is gamma radiation.
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