Translating it means sliding it over. If a point is (2,4) and it says to translate one unit down and one unit to the left then the new point is (1,3).
Reflecting is like a mirror or a fold. If you fold along the x axis then your x value stays the same, and your y value turns to a negative number. If you fold along the y axis your y value stays the same, and your x value turns into a negative number.
Rotations are just easier to do on paper. You put the tip of your pencil on the origin and spin clockwise(to the right) or counterclockwise ( to the left) a certain amount of degrees. 90 degrees is a quarter turn 180 degrees is a half turn 270 degrees is a quarter and a half turn, and 360 degrees is a full turn. The x axis and y axis get a little tricky so I’ll give you an example,
If you turn it 90 degrees counter or clockwise your x values become your y values.
