In a resting neuron, the inside of the cell is __________.

positive relative to the outside of the cell because the myelin sheath around the axon carries a negative charge

negative relative to the outside of the cell because of differences in ionic composition of the fluids inside and outside of the cell

positive relative to the outside of the cell because only positively charged ions are allowed into the cell

negative relative to the outside of the cell because the myelin sheath around the axon carries a positive charge

In a resting neuron, the inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside because of differences in the ionic composition of the fluids inside and outside the cell.

Explain the polarization in a resting nerve fiber.

The axoplasm inside the axon of a resting nerve fiber (a nerve impulse not conducting an impulse) has a high concentration of K⁺ and negatively charged proteins and a low concentration of Na⁺.
In contrast, there is a concentration gradient in the fluid outside the axon due to the low K⁺ and high Na⁺ concentrations.
The sodium-potassium pump, which moves 3 Na⁺ outward and 2 K⁺ inward, actively transfers ions across the resting membrane to maintain these ionic gradients.
As a result, the axonal membrane's inner surface becomes negatively charged while the membrane's outside has a positive charge, hence, polarized.
The resting potential is the electrical potential differential across the plasma membrane at rest.

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