a cell adapts using natural celection in the long term
in the short term, look at this Wikipedia article.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_adaptation
We have cells from the hair on our heads to the nails on our toes. Our bodies have about 200 different types in all. Cells form our muscles and bones. They help us turn food and oxygen into energy. They heal our wounds and keep us well. Cells perform their particular duties with strict protocols and in amazing order. They also communicate and cooperate with the cells around them. However, once their job has done all it can. and they have given their all, they kill themselves to make room for new, healthy cells. This is how our bodies work to keep healthy and grow.
Bad cells (cancerous) are quickly killed by the immune system. Unfortunately, some of the damaged cells find ways to survive. Normal cells grow, divide and use their cellular machinery according to predefined rules in the cells but cancer cells mislead the body's signals causing the cancer cells to divide and spread.
Perhaps this information will help guide you to your specific answer to your question
