Question

How is the medium made that is used for each technique?​

Answer 1

The medium used for that would be acrylic paint. I can tell because I've had experience with acrylics and pant. And I've seen those paintings somewhere, not sure though. I hope this had helped you out.

Answer 2

Picture 1
The first piece is in a style called Sumi-e that is popular in Asia for its similar discipline to caligraphy. The medium they use is ink. Ink is made of pigments (such as carbon black or bone black) and a binder (solvents such as water).

Picture 2
This piece is titled “At the Stock Exchange” by Edgar Degas. He used the medium oil paint. Oil paint is made of pigments (such as mineral salts) and a binder (in this case oil, most commonly linseed oil).

good luck ;)