3 reasons why it's good
It offers insight: With genetic testing, “we’re targeting the coding part of the gene that is relevant to your particular disease,” Aatre says. That, she notes, involves reading a DNA sequence from start to finish to see if there are any “interruptions/disruptions” — mutations associated with the disease in question — that stop the gene from making normal proteins.
Uncertainty is lessened: Worried about a future ailment? Knowing that a particular mutation is absent can help people ease anxiety about their own health and that of their children. “A big part of genetic testing is trying to determine who else in the family is at risk,” Aatre says. “But you’re also providing reassurance.”
You can take action: A clearer portrait of risk can guide medical care. “Certain genes are associated with more severe diseases,” Aatre says. “Some genes respond to certain medications and treatments better.” That, depending on circumstance, might lead to additional diagnostic testing or monitoring, healthful lifestyle shifts or getting family members tested.
3 Counter Arguments
It isn’t a full-body review: Testing is targeted: “When someone walks in my door, I’m not going to screen them for everything on the planet,” Aatre says. “Without clear markers, you’re opening Pandora’s box.” A patient whose parent was tested for a genetic heart condition, for example, wouldn’t be a candidate for BRCA 1 or 2 testing to determine breast cancer risk.
Testing can be costly: The price of genetic testing ranges from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. “They’re cheaper than they used to be but are still very expensive,” Aatre says. Still, insurance typically covers such tests for newborns and expectant mothers, as well as patients with a documented personal or family history or a physician’s recommendation.
Results may trigger emotions: Finding out that a gene mutation is absent can offer a deep sense of relief. And others who find out that they are carriers can take comfort in having more control. Still, says Aatre: “This crystal ball, all of a sudden, can pop in front of you.” That may spark deep feelings of guilt (regardless of findings) or difficult decisions.
