Write an essay that details the structure and function of a eukaryotic cell, how its cell membrane functions, and details of how that cell will carry out mitosis and meiosis.

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04-01-2019
Biology

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Write an essay that details the structure and function of a eukaryotic cell, how its cell membrane functions, and details of how that cell will carry out mitosis and meiosis.

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hanako1 hanako1 · Answer 1 · 2019-01-04T23:46:34+01:00

The structure of the eukaryotic cell is as follows: It is seperates into many different "compartments" or what we call organelles. Each organelle carries out a different function. The different organelles include: mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, vesicles, peroxisomes, etc.

The structure is enforced by intertwining fibers known as microtubules and microfilaments. The membrane is composed of millions of phospholipids that are amphiphilic (comprised of a hyprophilic phosphate head as well as a hydrophobic fatty tail) that seperate the cells internal environment with the outside space. Spread throughout and across the membrane are thousands of different proteins that allow certain molecules to pass in and out of the cell as well as to bind different ligands to stimulate cellular responses.

Mitosis and meiosis are both stimulated by different factors. Meiosis by fertilization of an egg cell from a sperm cell while mitosis can be signaled by a variety of hormones, protein concentration within the cell, size, etc. Regardless, each process requires the chromosomes in the nucleus to disperse into their loose forms which allows the genes to be copied by a variety of enzymes and ensure that every cell division will yield two genetically identical cells. After the newly copied chromosomes are formed, they condense once again and a large array of microtubules (as mentioned earlier) help bind to these chromosomes and pull them in opposite directions towards the poles of the single cell preparing to divide into two daughter cells. Eventually, the formation of two completely new cells occurs (known as cytokinesis) and the process is complete.

PiaDeveau PiaDeveau · Answer 2 · 2019-10-12T10:58:04+02:00

Explanation:

Eukaryotic cells have a true well defined nucleus which is cells DNA is surrounded by a membrane. It contains cell organelles like plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, golgi bodies, peroxisomes, and vacuoles, these organelles are also the membrane bound. Organisms like protozoa, plants and animals exhibits the eukaryotic cells.

The cell membrane functions:

In the eukaryotic cells, nuclear membrane divided the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm of the cell, nuclear membrane is formed by the inner and outer membrane which provides the regulation of material in and out from the nucleus.

How the mitosis and meiosis carry out in the eukaryotic cells:

Eukaryotic cells carry out mitosis throughout their entire life to grow and replace the old and damaged cells. Some organism reproduce sexually through mitosis. Daughter cells are identically and genetically similar to the parent cells. Mitosis is divided into four parts: 1) prophase, 2) Metaphase, 3) Anaphase, 4) Telophase = Cytokynesis occurs at the end of telophase.

Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces haploid gametes that is sperm and ova, It only occurs in the gonads cells in the organism during teenage or reproductive years. Meiosis is different in males and females : Spermatogenesis = In males four functional sperms are produced by meiosis.

Oogeneis = In females, due to unequal distribution of cytoplasm one large functional called ova and three small polar bodies are produced.

Stages of Meiosis: Meiosis I

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I.

Meiosis II : Very similar to Mitosis.

Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, telophase II.

Four different gametes are produced.