Question

Simple machines make work easier. Most simple machines reduce the amount of effort force needed to move an object. In this wheel and axle system, the wheel and axle is used to pull a bucket up. A person turns the handle (P), using effort force. What if the bucket is really heavy and the wheel cannot be turned? How can the effort force be reduced so the bucket can be lifted?

Answer 1

Make the radius of the handle larger in diameter. Larger wheel radius = more mechanical advantage.

Answer 2

By reducing the distance traveled by the effort (radius of the wheel) and increasing the distance traveled by the load (radius of the axle), the effort used in lifting the bucket can be reduced.

The efficiency of a simple machine is increased when the velocity ratio is reduced and the mechanical advantage is increased.

The velocity ratio can be reduced when the distance traveled by the effort is reduced while the distance traveled by the load is increased.

In the wheel and axle system, the velocity is calculated as;

$V.R = \frac{radius \ of \ wheel }{radius \ of \ axle}$

Thus, by reducing the distance traveled by the effort (radius of the wheel) and increasing the distance traveled by the load (radius of the axle), the effort used in lifting the bucket can be reduced.

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