The correct answer is A.
The government of the Tang and Song dynasty, they both used a civil service exam to select officials. The rulers use the civil service system. People who wanted to hold office had to pass difficult examinations that emphasized Confucian philosophy. This creates a highly educated ruling class.
During the Tang and Song dynasty, the power of the old aristocracy began to disappear. A new, much larger, upper class emerged, consisting of official scholars and their families. Such a class of powerful and well-off people is called the gentry. The nobility reached their status through education and civil service instead of through land ownership.