Respuesta :
Answer is: B. Hydroxide ions.
An Arrhenius base is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
For example sodium hydroxide: NaOH(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq).
Another example, balanced chemical reaction: Ba(OH)₂(aq) → Ba²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq).
According to the Arrhenius definition barium hydroxide is base.
Acids and bases when react (neutralisation) produce salt and water.
[tex]\boxed{{\text{B}}{\text{. Hydroxide ions}}}[/tex] are produced when a base is dissolved in water.
Further explanation:
Definitions of acids and bases according to different theories:
1. Arrhenius theory
This theory defines acid as the one that produces hydrogen or hydronium ions in the solution, while the base is the one that produces hydroxide ions in the solution. HBr, [tex]{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_3}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}[/tex] are examples of Arrhenius acids whereas NaOH and KOH are Arrhenius bases.
2. Bronsted-Lowry theory
It describes acid as the species that donates a proton in the reaction while base accepts a proton. [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}[/tex] is a Bronsted acid and [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}[/tex] is a Bronsted base.
3. Lewis theory
According to this theory, an acid accepts a pair of electrons to electron-rich species and a base donates electrons to electron-deficient species in the reaction.[tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{F}}_3}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_3}[/tex] are Lewis acids while [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}[/tex] and ROH are the examples of Lewis base.
According to the Arrhenius definition, the base is the one that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. For example, NaOH is a base. The dissociation reaction of NaOH in water is as follows:
[tex]{\text{NaOH}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} \to {\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + } + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }[/tex]
Therefore option B is correct.
Learn more:
- The reason for the acidity of water https://brainly.com/question/1550328
- Reason for the acidic and basic nature of amino acid. https://brainly.com/question/5050077
Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Acid, base and salts
Keywords: acid, base, electrons, protons, Arrhenius theory, Lewis theory, Bronsted-Lowry theory, hydrogen, hydronium ion, hydroxide ion, accept, donate, NaOH, HCl, ROH, H2O, Na+, OH-, H+, BF3, SO3, NH3, KOH, H2SO4.
