Question

Below is the structure of acetyl chloride, drawn with bonds and electron dots. determine how many nonbonding and bonding electrons are shown

Answer 1

Answer : The non-bonding and bonding electrons are 10 and 14 respectively.

Explanation :

Electron-dot structure : It is also known as Lewis-dot structure. It shows the bonding between the atoms of a molecule and it also shows the unpaired electrons present in the molecule.

The given molecule is, Acetyl chloride $(CH_3COCl)$

Carbon has '4' valence electrons, hydrogen has '1' valence electron, oxygen has '6' valence electrons and chlorine has '7' valence electrons.

Therefore, the total number of valence electrons in $(CH_3COCl)$ = 2(4) +3(1) +6 +7 = 24

According to electron-dot structure, there are 14 number of bonding electrons ans 10 number of non-bonding electrons.

The electron-dot structure of $(CH_3COCl)$ is shown below.

Answer 2

10 nonbonding and 14 bonding electrons are present in ${\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{\mathbf{COCl}}$.

Further explanation:

Lewis structure:

In covalent molecules, different atoms are bonded to each other and this bonding between these atoms is shown with help of diagrams known as Lewis structures, Lone pairs are also indicated by such structures. These are also known as Lewis dot diagrams, Lewis dot structures or electron dot diagrams.

Lewis structure of ${\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{\mathbf{COCl}}$ (Refer to the structure in the attached image):

The total number of valence electrons of ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COCl}}$ is calculated as follows:

Total valence electrons = [(2) (Valence electrons of C) + (3) (Valence electrons of H) + (1) (Valence electrons of O) + (1)(Valence electrons of Cl)]

$\begin{aligned}{\text{Total valence electrons}}\left( {{\text{TVE}}} \right) &= \left[ {\left( {\text{2}} \right)\left( {\text{4}} \right) + \left( {\text{3}} \right)\left( {\text{1}} \right) + \left( 1 \right)\left( 6 \right) + \left( 1 \right)\left( 7 \right)} \right] \\&= 24\\\end{aligned}$  

In ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COCl}}$, carbon forms three single bonds with three hydrogen atoms and one single bond with other carbon atom. This carbon atom forms one double bond with oxygen atom and one single bond with chlorine atom. So total 14 electrons are utilized in bond fomation between atoms in ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COCl}}$  and therefore 14 bonding electrons are present in this molecule.

The number of nonbonding electrons in ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COCl}}$ can be calculated as follows:

$\begin{aligned}{\text{Nonbonding electrons in C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COCl}} &= 24 - 14 \\ &= 10 \\ \end{aligned}$

These nonbonding electrons are present on oxygen and chlorine atoms. Out of these ten, six electrons are present as three lone pairs on chlorine atoms while remaining four electrons are present as two lone pairs on oxygen atom.

Hence there are 14 bonding and 10 nonbonding electrons in ${\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}{\mathbf{COCl}}$.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Molecular structure and chemical bonding

Keywords: Lewis structure, valence electrons, CH3COCl, bonding, nonbonding, 14, 10, oxygen, chlorine, total valence electrons, 24.