The lack of formal states in Africa made gaining cooperation with local officials more difficult. For this reason, Belgium and France established a system of direct rule.
The French and other European governments such as Portugal and Belgium practised direct colonial rule. Meanwhile, the British government was famous for its indirect rule system that it introduced in many of its colonies.
The two systems were very different and consequently, it had different effects on African societies.
Answer:
b: system of direct rule
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Explanation:
