Try this solution (the way shown is not the shortest one):
The task on the left part:
1. note, the point P and R have coordinates (-4;-4) and (-3;-2).
2. using the coordinates of points P and R it is possible to make up the equation of the required line:
[tex]\frac{x-x_P}{x_R-x_P} =\frac{y-y_P}{y_R-y_P}; \ => \ \frac{x+4}{-3+4}=\frac{y+4}{-2+4}; \ => \ \frac{x+4}{1}=\frac{y+4}{2} \ or \ y=2x+4[/tex]
The task of the right part:
1. note, the common view of the equation of the line is y=kx+b, where b - an intersection point of the Y-axis and the given line; k=QR/PQ.
2. according the picture b= -5, k=4/1=5, so y= -4x-5
