The correct answer to this question is the following.
Many Chinese merchants traveled only as far as Dunhuang on the Silk Road, basically for the following two reasons. 1) During those years, Dunhuang becomes an important hub place for trade in the Silk Road, where people met to commerce all kinds of products. 2) Dunhuang in the middle of some crossing paths. Indeed it was the intersection of the central, north, and south silk routes. That is why Dunhuang represented a strategic place with so many logistic operations in the Taklamakan Desert, in the northwest of China.
Dunhunag was an important intersection point on each of the directions of the Silk Road. It connected the China and neighboring regions with European and American regions.
Chinese merchants went only until the Dunhuang on the Silk Road as it was an influential trade point, being in the middle. And, Dunhuang port was an important commercialization center for the goods.
Silk Road was one of the most important global trade route as it was strategically connecting the critical trade points of Western world with China and other neighboring parts of Asia.
Dunhuang was strategically located in the intersection point of the Silk Road from all the directions and soon was developed a common point for exchange of goods.
Chinese merchants could save up their battery of not going up to the end point, as the less travelled road got them good prices for their goods.
Hence, the reasons why Chinese merchants go only up to Dunhuang on the Silk Road are as aforementioned in the paraphrase above.
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