Answer: The correct answer is- Polymerase chain reaction.
Polymerase chain reaction is a technique in molecular biology that is used to produce multiple copies of a piece of DNA molecule through multiple cycles of three stages that are-
1) Denaturation- The two DNA strands are separated ( so that template DNA are exposed) at higher temperature.
2) Annealing- Primers ( forward and reverse) are attached to the template DNA.
3) Extension- New DNA strand is synthesized using enzyme Taq polymerase that adds dNTPs ( deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate) according to the complementary sequences in the template.
Ans.
The process, which is used for the in vitro (outside an organism or in lab conditions) amplification of sample DNA molecule is known as PCR or polymerase chain reaction. With the help of PCR, a single piece of DNA can be amplified into thousands of copy within few minutes.
The PCR is divided into three steps, denaturation, primer annealing, and extension. During denaturation, the double stranded DNA gets separated to provide two template strands.
During primer annealing, small primers or oligonucleotides bind to the template DNA to start the process of polymerization. Extension involves elongation of new DNA strands by addition of nucleotides to the annealed primers.
Thus, the correct answer is option). 'polymerase chain reaction.'
