Freedmen - The freedmen are the group of slaves that were released from their previous masters, the freed slaves.
Black Codes - The black codes were a set of rules that applied to black people, passed back in the slave era. They included rules that restricted the ownership of property, relationships with white women, etc.
The rules caused them to have to watch what they were doing in public spaces, or else there would be bad consequences (If you want to further look into the bad consequences, the story of Emmett Till is an example)