The answer is "3".
Dominique is making a rice dish for 5 people that requires 4 teaspoons of salt.
When there are 5 people and 4 teaspoons of salt, 1 teaspoon of salt would need to be added for a person to be able to taste the difference half of the time.
So, when there are 15 people and 12 teaspoons of salt, 3 teaspoon of salt would need to be added for a person to be able to taste the difference half of the time.