Question

The teacher offered to lend me the book as often as neeRead the paragraph.

Volunteering at the animal shelter in my neighborhood has been a very rewarding experience. I started volunteering with a good friend of mine during summer vacation last year. Volunteering at the shelter is a lot of hard work, and it isn’t always fun. Volunteers spend a lot of time cleaning out cages.

What does the gerund phrase "volunteering at the animal shelter” contribute to the text?

The phrase conveys significant interest and variety.
The phrase adds a specific detail about time and place.
The phrase acts as a noun that is the subject of the sentence.
The phrase adds more details by providing a direct object.

Answer 1

The correct answer is option three.

The -ing gerund works as a noun and is commonly used as the subject of the sentence.  In this example, the gerund is the verb "volunteering," which takes a complement, "at the animal shelter." Therefore, the entire clause "Volunteering at the animal shelter," is considered a noun, which serves as the subject of the whole sentence.

Answer 2

Option 3: The phrase acts as a noun that is the subject of the sentence.

"Volunteering at the animal shelter in my neighborhood" is a gerund phrase (It begins with a gerund, the "ing" word, and includes others modifiers and objects), and gerund phrases always function as nouns. Therefore, the phrase in the passage acts as a noun, which at the same time is the subject of the sentence since it's what's being discussed.