It is easy to see that 20 is 200 divided by 10, so if you want one tenth of the dollar, you'll need one tenth of the diamonds.
Otherwise, simply write the proportion
[tex] 200:40000 = 20:x [/tex]
and solve for x:
[tex] x = \dfrac{40000\cdot 20}{200} = 4000 [/tex]
which is indeed one tenth of 40000