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The answer is Rain Shadow. You can read more here.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_shadow

Answer:

Areas with dry climate on the leeward (downward) side of mountain ranges are called rain shadows.

Explanation:

  • A rain shadow is a desert area where a dry region of land along the downward side of the mountain ranges.
  • The area is dry due to the 'prevailing winds' towards the 'top of the mountains'. The protected side of the mountain is called down-wind side.

Example:

  • In North America - dry region of the 'cascade range' in Oregon and Washington, 'great basin of Nevada', Colorado Front range of Rocky region.
  • In South America - dry region of Mendoza in Atacama desert, because of Andez mountains.
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