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Answer:
The first step that occurred in the speciation of the Galapagos Finches was the appearance of the founder species as it was completely devoid of the plants and animal life when it appeared above the water for the first time.
Then the members of this founder species were separated into sub-groups when the islands were separated due to tectonic movements.
The isolated groups develop different beaks and other traits as an adaptation towards the food and conditions available in different islands.
Over the period of million of years, the sub-groups evolved into different species.
The initiation step that leads to the speciation of Galapagos or Darwin’s Finches is the inhabitation of these birds at the Galapagos archipelago.
Further Explanation:
The term speciation refers to the process of creation of a new animal or plant species. When certain members of a species separate from other members and result in the development of unique characteristics belonging to them, this is when speciation occurs. The new group is so different from their ancestors that it can be differentiated on the basis of the requirement of a different environment for survival and appearance of different physical characteristics.
The Galapagos finches are a well-known example of speciation. At first, the Galapagos Island was devoid of any animal or plant species. With the introduction of Galapagos Finches and the separation of the island due to tectonic movements, the speciation began on the island comprising sub-groups.
The isolation of finches from the other groups leads to the formation of different species of the Galapagos finches. The different groups were separated from each other through the ocean. With the passage of time, the species developed different eating mechanisms due to the availability of variable food in different locations of the island. This resulted in the differentiation of food habits among different species of finches with each species developing unique beak size. Some fiches developed large and blunt beaks as they were adapted to crack hard nutshells and seeds. Some others have thin and log beaks so as to feed on cactus flowers without harming themselves from the cactus spines. There were still other members of the species which differentiated to form medium-sized beaks which helps them to catch and feed on insects. As all these species of finches were isolated from one another, they cannot interbreed and therefore, have developed their own unique characteristics that make each a unique species.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Chapter: Speciation
Subject: Biology
Keywords:
Speciation, species, Galapagos archipelago, Galapagos Finches, Darwin’s Finches, tectonic movements, beak size, adaptation, unique characteristics.
