Question

When blood glucose is low, the pancreas releases glucagon, a peptide hormone which stimulates the liver to produce and excrete glucose. binding of the hormone to its receptor triggers a \"second messenger\" cascade pathway that results in a change in the concentration or activity of many enzymes and signaling intermediates. the activity of some pathway enzymes is altered, as is the direction of net flow through some pathways?

Answer 1

The stimulation of glucagon results in the following activities:

Signal intermediates:

1. With the stimulation of glucagon, there will be an increase in the concentration of adenyl cyclases, 3-5-cyclic AMP, protein kinase A, fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate, phosphorylase b kinase, and glycogen synthase kinase.

2. With the stimulation of glucagon, there will be a reduction in the concetration of phosphofructokinase-2 and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate.

Pathway Enzymes:

1. With the stimulation of glucagon, there will be an upsurge in the concentration of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase.

2. With the stimulation of glucagon, there will be a reduction in the concentration of phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase, and glycogen synthase.

Pathways:

1. With the stimulation of glucagon, there will be an enhancement in the pathways, like gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.

2. With the stimulation of glucagon, there will be a reduction in the activity of pathways, like glycolysis.