Mechanical advantage of a pulley system is the ratio of load to effort. That is,
M.A = Load/Effort
We have,
Effort = Force applied = 50 lb
Load = Weight lifted = 500 lb
Substituting the values we get,
M.A = [tex] \frac{500}{50} [/tex] = 10
Mechanical advantage of the given pulley system is 10.