Question

The concept of infrahumanization refers to the tendency for ingroup members to attribute animal-like qualities to outgroup members and to assume that outgroup members

Answer 1

The concept of infrahumanization refers to the tendency for in-group members to attribute animal-like qualities to out-group members and to assume that out-group members are unlikely to experience more complex and sophisticated emotions such as pride and arrogance like would be the case for in-group members