The answers are:
carrier proteins → charged amino acid
Carrier proteins are transmembrane proteins for the facilitated diffusion of charged amino acids across plasma membranes.
osmosis → water molecule
A type of passive transport, osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules in and out of cells.
active transport → calcium moves from low concentration to high concentration
This is the movement of substances across membranes against concentration gradient.
simple diffusion → oxygen
Oxygen molecules enter through membrane by simple diffusion from an area of high to low concentration.
exocytosis → proteins from the Golgi apparatus
This process of exocytosis is used by cells to release particles that has been packaged by the golgi bodies.