Each type of channel and each type of transport protein has a specific molecule that they transport this is important to a cell because it provides the passageways that allow selective molecules to exit and enter for the proper functioning of the cell.
Most biologically important organic molecules have polar functional groups and are therefore hydrophilic.
Similarly, ions that are critically important in cell life cannot diffuse across the membrane.
Although individual ions, such as sodium (Na +) and chloride (Cl-), are quite small, in aqueous solution they are surrounded by water molecules.
The transport of these aggregates and of all hydrophilic molecules, except the very small ones, depends on integral membrane proteins that act as transporters, transferring the molecules to one side of the membrane and the other without coming into contact with its hydrophobic interior.
The channel-forming proteins do not bind to the solute, but form hydrophilic pores that cross the membrane, allowing only the passage of ions (ion channels).
This characteristic of ion channels is essential in the transmission of electrical signals - nerve impulse in the nervous system.
Also, the diffusion of larger polar and / or charged molecules, such as amino acids or sugars, is assisted by specific transport proteins.
Therefore, we can conclude that each type of channel and each type of transport protein has a specific molecule that they transport this is important to a cell because it provides the passageways that allow selective molecules to exit and enter for the proper functioning of the cell.
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