Question

What's the name given to the government practice of borrowing money to spend more than is collected in taxes

Answer 1

The answer is deficit spending.  It is said that it is usually done to fuel the economy in times of recession.  To do so, one must be careful that it does not lead to a permanent deficit.  There are some who are  against this because they believe it to be a bad policy.

Answer 2

Deficit spending

In fiscal 2017, the US government's deficit spending was $668 billion, which was $82 billion more than deficit spending had been in 2016.  We're on pace for an even bigger increase in 2018.  Deficit spending for the first half of fiscal 2018 was $598 billion, and the Treasury Department expects to have to borrow over $700 billion for the second half of the fiscal year.