Respuesta :
Inference because he observed what happened, his dog running away from the broken vase, and then he formed a conclusion based off of that evidence.
An inference because he formed a logical conclusion based on the evidence. There is multiple possibilities to how the vase could have broken that wasn't the dogs fault, But since he saw the dog walking away, and a vase broken on the floor, he quickly tried finding the most reasonable, logical explanation as to what had happened.