Which mathematical statement matches the vector operation shown in the geometric representation?

The correct answer is v + w = u
According to the triangle law of vector addition: If two vectors represents the two sides of a triangle, taken in the same order, then the third side of the triangle represents thir resultant taken in opposite order.
In the given figure, vectors v and w are in same order and vector u is in opposite order. Hence vector u will be the resultant of v and w.
Therefore, v + w = u