Respuesta :
Substitution Reactions are those reactions in which one nucleophile replaces another nucleophile present on a substrate. These reactions can take place via two different mechanism i.e SN¹ or SN². In SN¹ substitution reactions the leaving group leaves first forming a carbocation and nucleophile attacks carbocation in the second step. While in SN² reactions the addition of Nucleophile and leaving of leaving group take place simultaneously.
Example:
OH⁻ + CH₃-Br → CH₃-OH + Br⁻
In above reaction,
OH⁻ = Incoming Nucleophile
CH₃-Br = Substrate
CH₃-OH = Product
Br⁻ = Leaving group
Organic reactions are typically slower than ionic reactions because in organic compounds the covalent bonds are first broken, this breaking of bonds is a slower step, while, in ionic compounds no bond breakage is required as it consists of ions, so only bond formation takes place which is a quicker and fast step.
Example:
OH⁻ + CH₃-Br → CH₃-OH + Br⁻
In above reaction,
OH⁻ = Incoming Nucleophile
CH₃-Br = Substrate
CH₃-OH = Product
Br⁻ = Leaving group
Organic reactions are typically slower than ionic reactions because in organic compounds the covalent bonds are first broken, this breaking of bonds is a slower step, while, in ionic compounds no bond breakage is required as it consists of ions, so only bond formation takes place which is a quicker and fast step.
In substitution reaction one upcoming group will gets substitute on the given substrate molecule.
What is organic reactions?
Those reactions in which mainly breakage or formation of carbon - carbon bonds takes place and presence rather than crabon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitogen atoms are present is known as organic reactions.
Substitution reactions are those reactions in which upcoming atom or molecules will substitute a particular atom or molecule from the substrate in the given chemical reaction as:
AB + C → AC, where
AB = substrate
B = leaving group
C = susbtituting group
In Organic reactions more energy is required to break a covalent bond which is time taking process but this process is absent in inorganic reaction, due to ionic character of the species they easily gets attracted towards opposite ions.
So for the breakage of covalent bonds, organic reactions are comparatively slow.
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