How is lung function compromised when the body reacts to an invading pathogen that causes pneumonia? What are the cells and mediators reacting to the infection, and what are the consequences of those reactions? What are common pathogens associated with pneumonia in adults and children?
a. Alveolar damage and decreased surfactant production; neutrophils and macrophages release cytokines leading to inflammation; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
b. Bronchiolar constriction and increased mucus production; eosinophils release histamine causing bronchoconstriction; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
c. Alveolar destruction and fibrosis; lymphocytes release interferon leading to tissue scarring; Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae
d. Airway obstruction and bronchospasm; mast cells release leukotrienes causing smooth muscle constriction; Influenza virus, Pneumocystis jirovecii
