A person goes around banging a drum each day. You ask him why. He replies, "To drive off the tigers!" You reply "But there aren't any tigers around here." He replies, "See, it works!" From a science viewpoint, this conclusion

a. Is science because it is based on real observations
b.Is science because it is predictive of what will happen Comorrow morning
c. Is scientifically valid because there is probably a connection between loud noise and absence of tigers
d. Is not valid unless there is the potential for tigers to be here, or a test is run with tigers
e. Cannot be scientifically treated because it involves human behavior