Ways in which Isaacs-Shockley criticized the juvenile justice system for lacking cultural competence include:
a) clients are more likely to be white and poor the those belonging to any other group.
b) Families and communities of those youths involved in the system are allowed little input and participation.
c) there is a significant power imbalance within the system concerning staff and administration, as most employees are of the dominant culture.
d) all of the above
e) b and c only
