Suppose that we randomly sample 122 high school students to investigate an association between involvement in extracurricular activities and grades. We use the data to conduct a chi-square test of independence at the 5% level. In this results table, the observed count appears above the expected count in each cell. The expected counts are in parenthesis. What can we conclude? Good grades Poor grades Total Extracurricular activity What can we conclude? 16 11 (11.016) 5 (4.9836) Low a) There is a statistically significant association between involvement in extracurricular activities and grades. 93 70 (64.033) 23 (28.967) Moderate 13 10 (4,0492) b) There is not a statistically significant association between involvement in extracurricular activities and grades. 3 (8.9508) 84 High 38 122 Total c) Involvement in extracurricular activities helps students to perform better academically. d) Nothing, because the conditions for use of the chi-square test are not met. Statistic DF Value P-value Chi-square 2 14.487 0.0007
